Thoughts on Smart Nautical Charts

The evolution of intelligent shipping has necessitated an intelligent transformation of nautical chart services. Addressing the current limitations of nautical charts regarding dynamism, integration, intelligence, and interactivity, we analyze the evolutionary characteristics of charts in the physical-socialinformation ternary space. It clarifies the fundamental connotation of smart nautical charts (SNC) and, grounded in the computation-representation dual-perspective model, proposes an integrated framework encompassing perception-cognition-representation-service. This framework comprises four primary dimensions: High-reliability and multi-modal perception of nautical chart data, navigation space cognition through knowledge modelling and hybrid reasoning, semantic-driven and multi-dimensional dynamic cartographic representation, and a scenario-adaptive application model featuring the dual-chain coordination of chain of thought and chain of action. These research findings provide significant theoretical, technical, and engineering support for the development and implementation of SNC.