Current Status and Trends of Artificial Intelligence Geodesy

Objectives: Artificial Intelligence (AI), acting as the core driving force of the current technological revolution, is profoundly reshaping the research paradigms and technical systems of Geodesy. The primary objective of this research is to systematically define the concept of Artificial Intelligence Geodesy (AIG) and analyze its developmental trends. It aims to clarify how AI technologies can upgrade traditional geodetic frameworks to facilitate the transformation from data processing to intelligent decision-making, thereby meeting emerging strategic demands in natural resource governance and the low-altitude economy. Methods: A systematic review is conducted to investigate the application status and latest progress of Deep Learning and Machine Learning algorithms within the geodetic domain. The research focuses on analyzing five core areas: coordinate frame maintenance, height and depth datum construction, gravity field modeling, navigation and positioning and geological disaster deformation monitoring. By utilizing accumulated geodetic observation datasets, sample datasets, and product datasets, the technical architecture of AIG is examined. The methodology involves constructing intelligent processing algorithms for massive multi-source heterogeneous survey data to address complex geodetic challenges. Results: The investigation reveals that AIG technology significantly breaks through the limitations of traditional geodetic methods. By integrating advanced AI algorithms, AIG large models are formed, which are capable of performing complex measurement error correction and multiphysics field calculations. A critical finding is that the integration of AI drives a fundamental transformation of the Geodesy discipline from a "geodetic data-driven" optimization estimation approach to a "dual-driven paradigm combining physical mechanisms with data intelligence." These models demonstrate superior capability in handling non-linear problems and massive heterogeneous data compared to conventional approaches. Conclusions: AIG represents a pivotal new direction for the future of Geodesy. It provides robust technical support for essential services such as national spatial reference maintenance and alldomain high-precision intelligent Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT). Furthermore, the advancement of AIG is essential for satisfying the rigorous application demands of disaster prevention and reduction, as well as the rapidly growing low-altitude economy. Future developments will focus on deepening the dual-driven modeling approach to further enhance the precision, reliability, and intelligence of geodetic services.