Abstract: This paper reviews the development of the surveying and mapping discipline at Wuhan University since its founding in 1956, tracing three stages of serving national missions：traditional surveying and mapping, digital surveying and mapping, and informatized surveying and mapping, and summarizing its major achievements. Against the background of the interdisciplinary synergy of precision measurement, computer, artificial intelligence, astronautics, and communication technologies, the evolutionary trend of the surveying and mapping discipline, shifting its research focus from the geospatial distribution-relating properties of the Earth and other entities to aerospace information, and the concept and scope of aerospace information are defined. Case studies in national security, disaster monitoring and emergency response, social governance, natural resource management, maritime governance, and deep space exploration show that aerospace information bears upon the overarching interests of national security and development, representing a key strategic battleground in global competition. The traditional paradigm of sensing in space and computing on ground is shown to suffer from structural contradictions in transmission, processing, and application. Global aerospace competition is shifting from satellite numbers toward system capabilities that integrate on-orbit intelligent processing, inter-satellite synergy, and autonomous ground decision-making. This paper argues that the discipline should transform toward aerospace information science and technology, with intelligent satellite-ground synergy and computing as the commanding height and entry point of this transformation, and proposes its basic concept, overall architecture, and key scientific problems. The paradigm shift from“sensing in space, computing on ground”to satellite-ground synergy is a necessary choice for meeting the key challenges and seizing the major opportunities in China's future constellation construction. Furthermore, from the two dimensions of talent training and scientific research management modes, it discusses the potential paths for leveraging traditional surveying and mapping disciplines to transform and develop national strategic technological forces in aerospace information.