Abstract: Built on a unified spatiotemporal reference framework, spatiotemporal intelligence (STI) integrates communication, navigation, remote sensing, computing, artificial intelligence （AI）, cloud computing, and domain knowledge to enable automatic and real-time perception and understanding of natural and human activities in the dynamic physical world, and to translate such understanding into support for decision-making and action. STI represents both an important direction for the development of surveying, remote sensing, and geographic information science in the intelligent era and a key pathway for extending AI from the digital domain to the physical world. Its core task is to address six fundamental questions, namely when, where, what object, what change, why the change occurs, and what decision or action should be taken. At the service level, STI follows the 4R principles by delivering right data, information, and knowledge to the right person, at the right place, and within the right time. We discuss the relationships between STI and Internet-data-centric AI, large language models, and remote sensing foundation models, and argue that AI needs to further extend from the Internet toward the Internet of things and the dynamic physical world, forming a closed loop that integrates perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral intelligence. Progress in automatic geolocation and aerial triangulation, object recognition, change detection, classification, and the transition from two-dimensional recognition to four-dimensional spatiotemporal understanding is reviewed, together with representative applications in agriculture, transportation, mining, ecological conservation, public safety, human health, and socio-economic development. The development of STI should remain task-driven, knowledge-guided, independently controllable, secure, and practically usable, enabling machines to undertake work that humans cannot perform, are unwilling to perform, or that is dangerous, strenuous, and repetitive. STI can reduce labor intensity, improve productivity, support the United Nations sustainable development goals and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity, improve quality of life, and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of humanity and nature.