实时GIM区域RMS精度信息生成方法及其在BDS单频PPP中的应用

Generation of Regional RMS Accuracy Information for Real-Time GIMs and Its Application to BDS Single-Frequency PPP

  • 摘要: 实时全球电离层格网(Global Ionospheric Map,GIM)可为精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)提供电离层先验约束,但缺少可靠RMS精度信息会影响定位定权。本文基于BDS非差非组合PPP提取高精度斜向总电子含量(Slant Total Electron Content,STEC),构建GIM斜路径改正误差并生成区域RMS图,采用双侧MAD抗差筛选进行样本质量控制。采用PRN号调整后的北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)亚洲中低纬区域51天平静至弱扰动电离层数据开展试验。结果表明,5类实时GIM产品生成RMS在1倍、2倍和3倍RMS范围内的平均包络率分别由63.1%、96.3%和99.2%提高至70.2%、97.9%和99.7%。进一步采用CNES实时产品,在7个BDS测站开展仿实时单频PPP验证。区域RMS约束后,动态水平和垂直定位RMS分别由0.81 m和0.80 m降至0.53 m和0.63 m;静态水平和垂直平均收敛时间分别由126.0 min和67.9 min缩短至96.3 min和55.8 min。研究结果表明,在亚洲中低纬平静至弱扰动条件下,生成的区域RMS能够为BDS电离层约束PPP提供有效的精度信息。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: Real-time Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) can provide prior ionospheric constraints for precise point positioning (PPP). However, missing or unreliable root mean square (RMS) information may lead to inappropriate stochastic weighting of ionospheric pseudo-observations and thus compromise positioning performance. This study aims to evaluate the reliability of real-time GIM RMS information and to generate regional RMS maps for ionosphere-constrained single-frequency BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) PPP. Methods: High-precision slant total electron content (STEC) was derived from BDS dual-frequency undifferenced and uncombined PPP with ambiguity resolution. After the combined satellite-and-receiver differential code bias was removed, the derived STEC was used as a reference to construct slant-path errors for real-time GIM corrections. A regional RMS-generation method was developed by combining a two-hour sliding window, double-sided median absolute deviation (MAD) robust screening, and inverse-distance weighting. The generated RMS maps were assessed using RMS bounding percentages (RMSBPs) and normalized residual statistics. Experiments were conducted using 51 days of real-time GIM products and GNSS observations in the Asian low- and mid-latitude region. Five real-time GIM products provided by CAS, CNES, NRCan, UPC, and WHU were evaluated. Simulated real-time single-frequency BDS PPP tests were further performed at seven independent stations using CNES real-time orbit, clock, and GIM products. The proposed time-varying regional-RMS constraint (IONR) was compared with an unconstrained solution (ION0) and fixed vertical-TEC uncertainty constraints of 2 TECU (ION2) and 8 TECU (ION8). Results: After double-sided MAD screening, the mean 1-, 2-, and 3-RMSBPs for the five real-time GIM products increased from 63.1%, 96.3%, and 99.2% to 70.2%, 97.9%, and 99.7%, respectively. The mean standard deviation of normalized residuals increased from 0.85 to 0.94, approaching the ideal value of 1. Meanwhile, the mean and median slant-path RMS values decreased by approximately 13.9% and 14.6%, respectively, indicating improved consistency between the estimated RMS and the actual GIM errors. In kinematic PPP, IONR reduced the combined horizontal and vertical positioning RMS from 0.81 m and 0.80 m under ION0 to 0.53 m and 0.63 m, corresponding to improvements of 34.6% and 21.3%, respectively. In static PPP, the mean horizontal and vertical convergence times decreased from 126.0 min and 67.9 min to 96.3 min and 55.8 min, representing reductions of 23.6% and 17.8%, respectively. Overall, IONR outperformed the fixed-uncertainty constraint schemes in both positioning accuracy and convergence performance. Conclusions: The proposed method provides statistically more consistent RMS uncertainty information for real-time GIM corrections and enables adaptive ionospheric weighting in single-frequency BDS PPP. Under calm to weakly disturbed ionospheric conditions in the Asian low- and mid-latitude region, the generated regional RMS maps improve kinematic positioning accuracy and accelerate static PPP convergence. Further validation using longer observation periods, additional regions, stronger ionospheric disturbances, and multi-GNSS observations is required to assess the broader applicability of the method.

     

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