融合多特征聚类与双向布料模拟的非曼哈顿建筑楼层划分方法

A Floor Division Method for Non-Manhattan Buildings Integrating Multi-Feature Clustering and Bidirectional Cloth Simulation

  • 摘要: 建筑楼层划分作为无人平台跨楼层巡检、空间定位及智慧建筑管理的核心步骤,在室内三维重建领域发挥着重要作用,然而现有楼层划分方法多基于曼哈顿建筑设计,依据高度分布规律实现划分,在弧状楼层平面、倾斜错层结构等非曼哈顿建筑场景中易出现漏分、误分问题。针对非曼哈顿建筑环境下楼层划分准确性和鲁棒性不足问题,提出一种融合多特征聚类与双向布料模拟的非曼哈顿建筑楼层划分方法:首先采用体素质心降采样、双维度姿态纠正与冗余数据剔除完成点云精细预处理;然后对预处理后的点云采用加权主成分分析开展多特征聚类分割,结合支撑、层级、拓扑三因子耦合判定实现地面与天花板属性区分;最后通过楼层区间划分-双向布料模拟的递进流程实现非规整楼层面的精准提取。以Matterport 3D数据集为测试样本,将所提方法与箱线图法、双向层级分离法开展对比实验,所提方法的楼层划分精度较箱线图法、双向层级分离法分别提升38.39%及33.02%,查全率均值达99.10%、查准率均值达99.85%,综合F1分数均值为99.48%,且各指标在不同样本中波动极小,具备优异的鲁棒性。融合多特征聚类与双向布料模拟的楼层划分方法有效解决了传统方法在非曼哈顿建筑场景中适配性差的问题,显著提升了楼层划分的精度与鲁棒性,为复杂建筑的室内三维重建工作提供了重要技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: Floor division is a core step in indoor 3D reconstruction, cross-floor inspection of unmanned platforms, and smart building management. Most existing methods rely on height distribution statistics and are designed for Manhattan-world structures. They often fail in non-Manhattan buildings with curved floors, inclined slabs, staggered stories, or large atriums, leading to missing floors, misclassification, and discontinuous boundaries. This study aims to propose a robust and accurate floor division method dedicated to complex non-Manhattan building point clouds. Methods: A floor division method for non-Manhattan buildings fusing multi-feature clustering and bidirectional cloth simulation is proposed. Firstly, fine preprocessing of point clouds is completed by voxel centroid downsampling, dual-dimensional pose correction and redundant data elimination. Then, for the preprocessed point clouds, weighted principal component analysis is adopted to conduct multi-feature clustering and segmentation, and the attribute distinction between ground and ceiling is realized combined with the coupling judgment of three factors including support, hierarchy and topology. Finally, the accurate extraction of irregular floor surfaces is achieved through the progressive process of floor interval division and bidirectional cloth simulation. Results: Experiments are conducted on eight typical complex scenes from the Matterport3D dataset. The results show that compared with the box-plot method and the bidirectional hierarchical separation method, the comprehensive F1 of the proposed method is improved by 38.39% and 33.02%, respectively. The average recall reaches 99.10%, the average precision reaches 99.85%, and the mean comprehensive F1 is 99.48%. The method remains stable and reliable even in extremely irregular structures such as staggered floors, curved surfaces, domes, and inclined slabs, with no obvious missing division, misclassification, or boundary fractures, demonstrating significantly stronger robustness than traditional methods. Conclusions: The proposed method integrating multi-feature clustering and bidirectional cloth simulation effectively overcomes the dependence of traditional algorithms on regular structures and uniform floor heights, and significantly improves the completeness, accuracy, and stability of floor division in non-Manhattan building scenarios. It can accurately handle complex curved surfaces, inclined floors, and strongly staggered structures, providing reliable technical support for practical applications including indoor 3D reconstruction, BIM modeling, cross-floor navigation of unmanned systems, and smart building operation and maintenance. It also has important theoretical value and application prospects for promoting automatic high-precision reconstruction in complex building environments.

     

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