地点视角下校园共享单车热点识别与供需分析——以武汉大学为例

Hotspot Identification and Supply–Demand Analysis of Campus Bike-Sharing from a Place-Based Perspective: A Case Study of Wuhan University

  • 摘要: 高校共享单车的精细管理和智能调度对提升师生通勤效率与维持校园空间秩序具有重要意义。出行热点识别与车辆供需分析是校园交通运行优化的基础,但现有研究多缺乏对地点功能语义的刻画,未充分考虑课程安排、宿舍分布等通勤因素,导致难以准确揭示教学活动主导下的校园出行特征。以武汉大学为例,融合共享单车轨迹、校园矢量地图、课程安排及宿舍门禁数据,从地点视角探究校园出行热点空间分布与车辆供需特征。首先,通过格网划分与语义映射构建语义格网地图,形成具有功能语义的校园地点单元;在此基础上,识别共享单车出行热点,分析其空间分布特征及流量时序变化规律;进一步聚焦上下课通勤场景,定量评估通勤流及教学地点的车辆供需失衡情况。分析表明,武汉大学包含11种功能类别的457个校园地点,以教学与居住功能为主;共享单车停放高度集中,排名前10%的地点承载49.8%的流量;上下课场景的供需失衡问题突出,整体需求量较供给量高出约122.2%。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: Refined management and intelligent scheduling of campus bike-sharing systems are essential for improving commuting efficiency and maintaining spatial order. Hotspot identification and supply–demand analysis are fundamental for optimizing campus mobility operations. However, existing studies have paid limited attention to the functional semantics of campus places and commuting-related factors, such as course schedules and dormitory locations, limiting the understanding of travel patterns dominated by teaching activities. This study aims to reveal the spatial distribution of bike-sharing usage and quantify the supply-demand imbalance associated with class-related activities from a place-based perspective. Methods: Using Wuhan University as a case study, we established a place-based analytical framework integrating bike-sharing trajectories, campus vector maps, course schedules, and dormitory access records. A semantic grid map was constructed through grid partitioning and semantic mapping, forming campus place units with explicit functional semantics. Based on this map, we identified bike-sharing travel hotspots, analyzed their spatial distribution and temporal dynamics, and quantified supply–demand imbalance in commuting flows and at teaching places under class-related scenarios. Results: A total of 457 campus places were identified across 11 functional categories, dominated by teaching and residential functions. Bike-sharing usage exhibited strong spatial concentration, with the top 10% of places accounting for 49.8% of total flows. Under class-related commuting scenarios, a significant supply–demand imbalance was observed, with overall demand exceeding supply by approximately 122.2%. Conclusions: The proposed place-based analytical framework establishes a semantic linkage between physical campus environments and human mobility behaviors, enhancing the interpretation of spatial aggregation patterns and revealing systematic imbalances under class-related activities. The findings provide quantitative evidence to support spatial optimization and intelligent redistribution of campus bike-sharing systems.

     

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