从实时感知到智能决策: AIoT激光雷达在时空智能中的应用与挑战

From Real-Time Perception to Intelligent Decision-Making: Applications and Challenges of AIoT LiDAR in Spatiotemporal Intelligence

  • 摘要: 随着大数据、云计算和人工智能技术的迅猛发展,时空智能学作为一个新的研究热点,正在深刻改变我们对自然与人类活动的认知与决策方式。多线激光雷达,作为关键的空间信息获取工具,凭借其高精度三维动态感知能力,广泛应用于测绘遥感、智能交通和自动驾驶等领域。人工智能物联网(Artificial Intelligence of Things,AIoT)为多线激光雷达三维实时动态感知提供了新的发展方向。本文提出AIoT、激光雷达与三维场景融合感知框架,通过多线激光雷达实时采集三维时空点云数据并将其与三维场景模型深度耦合,结合边缘-云-终端协同计算架构,构建兼具几何精度与语义可解释性的动态孪生空间,突破传统框架时空延迟、二维语义约束的限制,实现多维度特征提取与场景信息融合。量化评估结果表明:在城市典型路口场景下,本框架端到端总延迟仅为56.41ms,相比现有同类集中式架构(285~335ms)延迟降低了80%,显著优于单帧100ms的采集周期,满足了高频、低延迟感知的技术需求。融合后的三维动态场景具备可测量、可计算、可交互等特性,为进一步智能分析与决策,提供精确的决策支持,助力环境监测、资源管理和应急响应等领域的精细化管理与动态优化。

     

    Abstract: With the rapid advancement of big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, spatiotemporal intelligence has emerged as a novel research frontier, profoundly reshaping our understanding of natural phenomena and human activities. Multi-line LiDAR, as a critical spatial information acquisition tool, provides high-precision 3D dynamic perception capabilities for surveying, intelligent transportation, and autonomous driving. This paper proposes an integrated AIoT-LiDAR-3D scenario fusion perception framework based on an edge-cloud-terminal collaborative architecture to overcome the high latency and 2D semantic constraints of traditional systems. By implementing real-time acquisition of 3D spatiotemporal point clouds and deeply coupling them with multi-source 3D models—including Point Cloud, Mesh, and Vector models—the framework achieves a seamless mapping from physical space to a dynamic twin space. Quantitative evaluation conducted in a typical urban intersection scenario using 64-line LiDAR demonstrates that the framework achieves a total end-to-end latency of only 56.41 ms, which includes 4.56 ms for edge preprocessing, 28.12 ms for transmission, and 23.73 ms for cloud processing. This latency is significantly lower than the 100 ms single-frame acquisition cycle and represents an 80% reduction compared to existing centralized architectures, such as CMM, which exhibit latencies between 285 ms and 335 ms. Furthermore, bandwidth stress tests from 20 Mbps to 100 Mbps confirm the system's robust real-time performance, with mean latencies stabilized between 48.0 ms and 78.3 ms. The resulting 3D dynamic scenes possess measurable, computable, and interactive characteristics, providing precise decision-making support for refined management and dynamic optimization in environmental monitoring, resource management, and emergency response.

     

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