基于深度学习和InSAR观测的川南地区诱发地震同震形变智能提取

Intelligent Extraction of Coseismic Deformation of Induced Earthquakes in Southern Sichuan Based on Deep Learning and InSAR

  • 摘要: 川南地区的页岩气开采活动导致诱发地震灾害频发,及时、准确地监测这些地震造成的地表形变对于理解地震诱发机制、评估地震影响具有重要的现实意义。采用编码器-解码器结构,结合三维卷积神经网络、二维卷积神经网络、残差连接机制与通道注意力层构建一种基于深度学习的InSAR去噪与形变恢复模型。在真实噪声数据集上的测试结果表明,与Stacking方法(相位叠加法)相比,模型的形变恢复性能提升约40%。将该方法应用于2021年泸县Mw 5.4地震与2019年资中Mw 4.9地震,成功恢复了高精度的同震形变场,且效果优于传统Stacking方法。本文提出的方法在川南页岩气开采区的诱发地震监测中展现出较好的适用性与鲁棒性,能够有效提取高精度的同震形变信息,可为页岩气开采区的地震灾害评估与震后应急响应提供有力的技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: Shale gas extraction activities in the southern Sichuan region have led to frequent induced seismic events. Accurate and timely monitoring of these seismic activities is essential to understand the triggering mechanisms and mitigate associated hazards. This study aims to develop and validate a deep learning-based InSAR method to enhance deformation extraction and noise suppression for seismic monitoring induced by shale gas extraction in the southern Sichuan region. Methods: We propose a novel InSAR denoising and deformation recovery framework based on deep learning. The method adopts an encoder-decoder architecture that integrates three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNN), two-dimensional convolutional neural networks (2D CNN), residual connections, and channel attention mechanisms. The model is trained using a simulated dataset, and its performance is evaluated under different signal-to-noise ratios. Results: The performance of the proposed model was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). On the test dataset, the trained model achieved an RMSE of 1.27 mm and an SSIM of 0.74, indicating strong reconstruction capability. Experiments under varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) demonstrated that the model maintains robust performance when SNR exceeds 0.1. On real-noise datasets, the proposed approach outperformed the traditional Stacking method, achieving approximately 40% improvement in deformation recovery accuracy. Furthermore, when SNR>10-0.84 (~0.14), the model successfully reconstructed coseismic deformation fields with peak displacements greater than 10 mm. Applying the method to the 2021 Luxian Mw 5.4 earthquake and the 2019 Zizhong Mw 4.9 earthquake further validated its effectiveness, yielding high-precision deformation fields superior to those obtained by the conventional Stacking method. Conclusions: The proposed deep learningbased InSAR framework provides an effective solution for monitoring small to moderate induced earthquakes in shale gas regions. Its ability to extract accurate coseismic deformation fields under high-noise environments offers valuable technical support for hazard assessment, seismic mechanism analysis, and rapid post-event emergency response. This study also provides a conceptual framework and practical insights for applying deep learning to InSAR-based earthquake monitoring.

     

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