四川筠连县金坪村滑坡灾前地貌变化和形变特征研究

Pre-Failure Deformation Mechanism and Geomorphological Change of the Jinpingcun Landslide,Junlian,Sichuan

  • 摘要: 2025-02-08 11时50分,中国四川省宜宾市筠连县沐爱镇金坪村发生山体滑坡灾害,造成10人死亡,19人失踪,引起国内外广泛关注。基于多源遥感影像,包括C波段哨兵一号(Sentinel-1)卫星升轨、C波段涪城一号(Fucheng-1)卫星升轨、L波段陆探一号(Lutan-1)卫星降轨影像及多时相光学卫星遥感影像,初步揭示了滑坡失稳前地貌变化与形变特征,并识别了周边区域斜坡变形区。研究结果表明,金坪村滑坡在2011-06-28—2014-08-05曾发生面积约2.4×104 m2的小规模坡体失稳事件;2024-09-27—2024-12-31期间,滑坡坡体地貌发生变化,疑似滑坡体复活;Sentinel-1、Fucheng-1和Lutan-1影像获取的地表形变时间序列均显示,金坪村滑坡在2024年10月—11月呈现加速变形特征(最大形变速率达-166 mm/a),与同期光学影像识别的地貌演化时间节点高度一致。该研究揭示当前地质灾害调查手段难以有效识别此类高隐蔽性滑坡隐患。因此,亟需构建基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的常态化监测体系,针对中国地质灾害易发区实施周期性广域探测与滑坡隐患点的持续监测,为提升滑坡隐患早期识别能力与滑坡防控提供技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: On 8 February 2025 at 11: 50 a. m. local time, a catastrophic landslide occurred in Jinping Village, Muoai Town, Junlian County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, China, resulting in 10 fatality and 19 missing persons, attracting widespread national and international attention. Methods: This study preliminarily reveals the pre-failure deformation mechanism and geomorphic evolution of the landslide based on multi-source remote sensing imagery, including C-band Sentinel-1 ascending, Fucheng-1 ascending, L-band Lutan-1 descending SAR imagery, and multi-temporal optical remote sensing images. Additionally, actively deformation slopes in the surrounding area were detected. Results: A small-scale slope failure event (about - 2.4×104 m2) occurred at the Jinping Village landslide site between 28 June 2011 and 5 August 2014. Between 27 September and 31 December 2024, significant geomorphic changes were observed in the landslide body, suggesting possible reactivation. Time-series surface deformation derived from Sentinel-1 ascending, Fucheng-1 ascending and Lutan-1 descending imagery consistently shows an acceleration deformation trend in the Jinpingcun landslide from October to November 2024, with a maximum deformation rate of -166 mm/a, closely aligning with the geomorphic changes revealed by optical imagery. Conclusions: This study highlights the limitations of current geohazard investigation methods in effectively identifying such highly concealed landslide. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a routine monitoring system based on interferometric synthetic aperture radar technology to enable periodic wide-area detection and continuous monitoring of potential landslides in geohazard-prone areas. Such a system would enhance the early detection of potential landslides and provide technological support for landslide prevention and mitigation.

     

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