广域特征优化的机载点云建筑屋顶边缘点提取方法研究

Research on the Method of Extracting Building Roof Edge Points from Airborne Point Clouds with Wide-area Feature Optimization

  • 摘要: 机载点云是建筑屋顶边缘点提取的关键数据源,当前提取方法普遍存在自动化程度较低和准确度不足的问题。针对以上问题,本文创新性地提出一种基于机载点云的建筑屋顶边缘点机器学习提取策略,该方法高效集成各类点云边缘点检测特征优势,实现复杂场景下的自适应建筑屋顶边缘点提取。方法首先将建筑屋顶点云实施降维处理,生成多级特征并确定尺度不变特征,再利用多种点云特征检测算法计算建筑屋顶边缘在多尺度下的强区别性特征,形成特征矩阵并输入至CatBoost机器学习算法进行训练与预测,最终实现建筑屋顶边缘点的准确提取。为验证本文方法,选取挪威特隆赫姆市机载点云数据集进行测试,最终建筑屋顶边缘点的提取准确率可达91.16%,耗时表现良好且平稳。实验结果表明,本方法仅需少量标注数据即可有效收敛,为建筑屋顶边缘点提取提供了高效、精确且泛化性良好的方案。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: Airborne point cloud serves as a crucial data source for the extraction of building roof edge points. However, current extraction methods generally suffer from low automation levels and insufficient accuracy. Methods: To address these issues, this paper innovatively proposes a machine-learning-based extraction strategy for building roof edge points from airborne point clouds. This method efficiently integrates the advantages of various point-cloud-based edge-point detection features, enabling the adaptive extraction of building roof edge points in complex scenarios. Firstly, the method performs dimensionality reduction on the point cloud of the building roof, generating multi-level features and determining scale-invariant features. Subsequently, multiple point-cloud feature-detection algorithms are utilized to calculate highly discriminative features of building roof edges at multiple scales. These features form a feature matrix, which is then input into the CatBoost machine-learning algorithm for training and prediction, ultimately achieving the accurate extraction of building roof edge points. Results: To verify the proposed method, the airborne point-cloud dataset of Trondheim, Norway is selected for testing. The extraction accuracy of building roof edge points can reach 91.16%, and the time-consuming performance is good and stable. Conclusions: Experimental results demonstrate that this method can converge effectively with only a small amount of labeled data, providing an efficient, accurate, and highly generalizable solution for the extraction of building roof edge points.

     

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