面向建筑功能分类任务的POI分类映射方法

A POI Classification Mapping Approach for Building Functional Classification Tasks

  • 摘要: POI数据作为位置服务数据的典型代表广泛应用于城市功能区识别、兴趣点推荐及城市活力评价等研究领域。本文针对原始POI数据存在的类型不准确问题,构建一种面向建筑物功能分类任务的POI分类映射体系,提出一种基于BERT-DPCNN的POI分类映射方法,该模型采用BERT预训练模型生成POI名称文本表征,通过深度金字塔卷积神经网络(DPCNN)抽取文本主题特征,实现POI重分类。为了验证模型的性能,分别将Word2Vec和BERT词嵌入模型与卷积神经网络、循环神经网络等深度学习模型组合构建对比模型,评价模型分类效果;此外选择成都市三环部分区域为实验区,基于BERT-DPCNN对实验区POI数据分类映射后进行建筑物分类,并将其与基于原始数据的分类结果对比分析,以验证本研究的必要性。结果表明,BERT-DPCNN模型不管在精确度、召回率和F1值都表现为最优,其分类映射准确率达93.20%,召回率达93.51%,F1值为93.57%;对原始POI数据分类映射后有效减少了其他类型建筑物被误判为科教类和医疗类的概率,建筑物总体分类精度从65.63%提升至80.21%,整体提升了14.58%。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: POI data are widely used in research fields such as urban functional area identification, point-ofinterest recommendation, service facility layout and urban vitality evaluation. Methods: To address the issue of inaccurate types in raw POI data, this paper constructs a POI classification mapping framework for building function classification tasks and proposes a BERT-DPCNN-based POI classification mapping method. The model employs the BERT pre-trained model to generate textual representations of POI names and utilizes a Deep Pyramid Convolutional Neural Network (DPCNN) to extract thematic text features for POI reclassification, thereby providing high-quality semantic information for building function classification. To verify the performance of the proposed model, we constructed baseline models by combining Word2Vec and BERT word embedding models with classical deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to assess their classification effectiveness. Furthermore, we designated a section of Chengdu's third ring road as our test area to validate the necessity of our research. The procedure involved: ①applying BERT-DPCNN-based classification mapping to the area's POI data, ②performing building function classification using the remapped and raw POI data, and ③conducting a comparative evaluation against classifications result of the two types of data. Results: The results show that the BERT-DPCNN model performs optimally in terms of precision, recall and F1 value, with a classification mapping accuracy of 93.20%, a recall of 93.51%, and an F1 value of 93.57%; moreover, the BERT-DPCNN model performs the most stable mapping of all types of POIs, with mapping accuracies of all five types of POIs of more than 92%, and F1 values all are above 91%. The classification mapping of the raw POI data effectively reduces the probability of other types of buildings being misclassified as scientific and educational and medical, and the overall classification accuracy of buildings is improved from 65.63% to 80.21%, with an overall improvement of 14.58%. Conclusions: The constructed model can well extract text features, realize classification mapping of POI data, and provide high-quality data source for building function classification.

     

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