Abstract: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) serve as a deterrent force and symbolize power among major countries worldwide. Faced with escalating threats to satellite navigation security, nations are placing greater emphasis on satellite navigation countermeasures. Objectives: Currently, existing researches on satellite navigation countermeasures primarily focused on theories, technologies, and equipment related to GNSS jamming and anti-jamming. However, there was relatively limited research on performance evaluation and efficacy assessment of GNSS jamming and anti-jamming. Challenges include fragmented evaluation indicators, narrow evaluation perspectives, questionable credibility of indicator weights assigned, ineffective existing evaluation methods, and inability to effectively support efficacy assessment. It necessitates collective wisdom pooling along with innovative thinking to find solutions for these challenges. Methods: Therefore, we initially clarify the connotation of satellite navigation countermeasures and integrates existing evaluation classifications to define satellite navigation confrontational evaluation into two categories: performance evaluation and efficacyevaluation of satellite navigation countermeasures. Subsequently, it analyzes and reviews the development strategies and approaches, innovative achievements, testing applications, and notable trends in both domestic and international research fields within these two categories. Results: It summarizes the technical characteristics and successful experiences at different stages of research progress, compares and analyzes limitations in the development of satellite navigation confrontational evaluation, and further proposes four measures and suggestions based on China’s national conditions. Conclusions: These encompass directional topics such as research ideas, R&D priorities, task arrangements with the aim to stimulate discussion, provide reference for decision-making departments in future work deployment.