基于高密度电法与微动探测的大型深层滑坡空间结构特征研究——以巴塘县地巫乡滑坡为例

Research on Spatial Structural Characteristics of Large Deep-seated Landslide Based on High-density Electrical Resistivity and Microtremor Detection: A Case Study of the Diwuxiang Landslide in Batang County, Tibetan Plateau, China

  • 摘要: 青藏高原东部金沙江高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡极为发育,复杂的地形地质环境与强烈的构造地质活动塑造出多层次、多期次和多类型叠加的滑坡形成演化过程,然而关于高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡的空间结构特征研究仍是地质灾害调查与防灾减灾的重点与难点。在金沙江流域巴塘县地巫乡段发育一系列大型深层滑坡,其中地巫乡滑坡变形强烈,已进行了村庄搬迁避让,但关于该滑坡的深部结构特征仍不清晰。为进一步研究区域大型深层滑坡空间结构特征,文章采用现场调查、遥感解译、无人机LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)航测、高密度电法和微动探测等多种技术,查明了地巫乡滑坡空间发育特征。研究认为:地巫乡滑坡地表变形强烈,以拉张裂缝、挡墙开裂、下错陡坎为主要变形特征,且滑坡区内共发育152个次级滑坡;高密度电法揭示地巫乡滑坡整体呈低电阻率状态,局部区域呈现高电阻率状态,微动探测揭露出滑坡地层结构可划分为浅表覆盖层(150-550 m/s)、中-强风化基岩层(430-840 m/s)和弱-未风化基岩层(630-930 m/s);综合两种物探手段的探测结果认为,地巫乡滑坡发育2-3层滑带,滑带所处位置电阻率变化差异较大,多呈低阻状态,电阻率值为100-150 Ω·m,滑带最大埋深可达70 m;两种物探手段探测结果一致性较好,所揭示的滑体厚度相对误差在10%以内。根据建立的高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡空间结构探测的物探响应技术流程,可以较好的指导高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡的空间结构探测。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: The eastern of the Tibetan Plateau, characterized by the alpine canyons of the Jinsha River, exhibits extensive development of large deep-seated landslides. The complex terrain, geological environment, and intense tectonic activity have resulted in the formation and evolution of landslides through multiple stages, types, and overlapping processes. Analyzing the spatial structural characteristics of these large deep-seated landslides characterized by the alpine canyons remain a key challenge in geological hazard research, disaster prevention and mitigation. In the Diwu section of Batang County along the Jinsha River, a series of large deep-seated landslides have developed, among which the Diwuxiang landslide exhibits intense deformation, necessitating the relocation of the village. However, the deep structural characteristics of this landslide remain unclear. Methods: To further investigate the spatial structural characteristics of large deep-seated landslides in this region, a variety of techniques including field surveys, remote sensing interpretation, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) aerial surveys, high-density electrical resistivity tomography, and Microtremor Survey Method (MSM). These methods reveal the spatial development characteristics of the Diwuxiang landslide were employed. Results: The study finds that the surface deformation of the Diwuxiang landslide is intense, characterized by tensile cracks, retaining wall fissures and steep scraps, with 152 secondary landslides identified within the landslide zone. High-density electrical resistivity tomography reveals that the Diwuxiang landslide generally exhibits low resistivity, with some localized areas displaying high resistivity. The MSM indicate that the stratigraphy of the landslide can be divided into a shallow cover layer (150-550 m/s), a medium-strongly weathered bedrock layer (430-840 m/s), and a weakly to unweathered bedrock layer (630- 930 m/s). Combining the results from the two geophysical methods, it is concluded that the Diwuxiang landslide develops 2- 3 sliding zones, with significant variability in resistivity at these locations, generally displaying low resistivity values of 100- 150 Ω·m. The maximum depth of the sliding zones can reach up to 70 meters. The results from the two geophysical methods are in good agreement, with the relative error in the revealed thickness of the sliding body being within 10%. Conclusions: Based on the established geophysical response technology process for detecting the spatial structure of large deep-seated landslides in alpine canyon areas, can effectively guide the spatial structural detection of large deep-seated landslides in alpine canyon areas.

     

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