Abstract: Whole-life carbon emissions from buildings involve multiple stages, including material production, construction, operation, maintenance and renovation, and demolition and disposal. Conventional accounting methods cannot adequately capture the spatial heterogeneity of building activities or their linkages across life-cycle stages. Relevant literature published between 2015 and 2026 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. After deduplication and multi-stage screening, bibliometric and content analyses were conducted on 66 core studies. The study first examines the development patterns of geospatial technologies for carbon accounting in terms of publication time, study regions, spatial scales, technology types, and data sources, and then systematically reviews their applications in embodied-carbon, operational-carbon, and whole-life-carbon accounting for buildings. The results show that related research has grown rapidly since 2022, with urban- and regional-scale studies concentrated in China’s mainland, the United States, Italy, and other regions. Research has primarily focused on operational carbon and building energy estimation, whereas embodied-carbon and whole-life-carbon assessment have received comparatively less attention. GIS provides the basis for matching building attributes and organizing spatial units, while remote sensing, street-view imagery, unmanned aerial vehicles, LiDAR, and 3D city models supplement data on building form, material stocks, envelope characteristics, microclimates, and energy activities. In embodied-carbon accounting, spatial data are mainly coupled with material stock models, material flow analysis, and life-cycle assessment to estimate material stocks, construction and demolition emissions, and recycling potential. In operational-carbon accounting, they are coupled with building energy models, urban building energy models, and machine-learning models to estimate energy use, operational carbon, and carbon hotspots. In whole-life-carbon accounting, they are used to connect material, energy, renovation, and demolition activities and to conduct spatially explicit scenario comparisons. This study provides a reference for developing building-level spatiotemporal carbon databases, improving dynamic whole-life carbon accounting, and supporting low-carbon urban renewal decisions.