周超, 常鸣, 徐璐, 车宏晓. 贵州省典型城镇矿山地质灾害风险评价[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版), 2020, 45(11): 1782-1791. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200261
引用本文: 周超, 常鸣, 徐璐, 车宏晓. 贵州省典型城镇矿山地质灾害风险评价[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版), 2020, 45(11): 1782-1791. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200261
ZHOU Chao, CHANG Ming, XU Lu, CHE Hongxiao. Risk Assessment of Typical Urban Mine Geological Disasters in Guizhou Province[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(11): 1782-1791. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200261
Citation: ZHOU Chao, CHANG Ming, XU Lu, CHE Hongxiao. Risk Assessment of Typical Urban Mine Geological Disasters in Guizhou Province[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(11): 1782-1791. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200261

贵州省典型城镇矿山地质灾害风险评价

Risk Assessment of Typical Urban Mine Geological Disasters in Guizhou Province

  • 摘要: 大量的矿产资源开发与特殊的地质环境使贵州省成为矿山地质灾害最为发育的地区之一,矿山地质灾害具有分布广、影响大、潜在灾害隐患突出等特点。以贵州省盘州市盘关镇为研究区,在详细调查矿山地质灾害的基础上,建立了矿山地质灾害风险评价体系:通过证据权重法,选取坡度、坡向、高程、曲率、人类工程活动、地层岩性、距断层距离、距采空区距离等8个评价指标,实现了矿山地质灾害易发性区划;以不同频率(10%、5%、2%、1%)下的年最大日降雨量作为时间动态因素,提出了不同降雨概率下的矿山地质灾害危险性评价方法;根据典型城镇不同承灾体的分布特征,制作了易损性分布图;结合矿山地质灾害危险性和承灾体易损性综合构建了典型城镇矿山地质灾害风险评价模型,为矿山地质灾害防治提供科学依据。结果表明:在不同降雨频率下,80.55%的区域始终保持低风险;19.29%的区域风险等级随降雨频率的降低而增大;0.16%的区域始终保持高风险,应立即采取监测预警、工程防治与应急避险相互结合的措施。

     

    Abstract:
      Objectives  Due to the exploitation of many mineral resources and the unique geological environment, Guizhou Province has become one of the most developed places of mine geological disasters, which has the characteristics of wide distribution, significant influence, and prominent potential hazards. It has threatened the life and property safety in the mining area and caused great damage to the geological environment seriously. An effective risk assessment model of mine geological disasters needs to be established urgently.
      Methods  The study area is Panguan Town, Guizhou Province. Based on the detailed investigation of mine geological disasters, the risk assessment model of mine geological disasters is established. Slope, aspect, elevation, curvature, human engineering activities, lithology, distance to fault and distance to mine goaf are selected as the evaluation indexes to construct susceptibility assessment model. Combined with the maximum daily rainfall in a year of different frequencies (10%, 5%, 2%, 1%), the hazard assessment method of mine geological disasters under different rainfall probabilities is proposed. According to the distribution characteristics of different land utilization types, a vulnerability model is set up. Based on the hazard of mine geological disasters and vulnerability of different land utilization types, the risk assessment model of mine geological disasters is constructed.
      Results  The results show that under different rainfall frequencies, 80.55% of the study area remains low risk. The regional risk level of 19.29% increases with the decrease of rainfall frequency. 0.16% of the study area is always at high risk, and measures should be taken immediately, such as monitoring, early warning, engineering prevention and emergency risk avoidance.
      Conclusions  The risk assessment of geological disasters is a fundamental work about geological disasters, and it is indispensable to make the emergency plan of geological disasters. It is preliminarily proposed combined with the characteristics of mine geological disasters, which provided a scientific basis for the prevention of mine geological disasters.

     

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